Given the texture of opals, they can be quite difficult to polish to a reasonable luster.
Opals were relatively rare until the early 1800s, when several rich sources were discovered and the gem quickly grew in popularity.
The imitation opals seen in vintage jewelry are often "Slocum Stone" consisting of laminated glass with bits of foil interspersed.
Occurring in most varieties of rock, the vast majority of opals are mined in Australia, with other opal digs occurring in the United States, Mexico, Peru, and Brazil.