Americans adopted -ium for most of the nineteenth century, with aluminium appearing in Webster's Dictionary of 1828.
The aluminium is extracted from bauxite by electrolysis. The aluminium oxide is melted and electrolysed. The anode is made of graphite, a form of carbon. Oxygen ions move to the anode where they're converted to oxygen.
Aluminum corrodes but it does not rust. Rust refers only to iron and steel corrosion. Aluminum is actually very prone to corrosion. However, aluminum corrosion is aluminum oxide, a very hard material that actually protects the aluminum from further corrosion.