Facts about Manga
Entertainment, formerly Studio Ironcat and now out of business, launched a series of manga by U.S. artists called Amerimanga.
Original webmanga, intended for online viewing, are drawn by enthusiasts of all levels of experience.
Modern manga originated during the Occupation (1945–1952) and post-Occupation years (1952–early 1960s), when a previously militaristic and ultranationalist Japan was rebuilding its political and economic infrastructure..
Others include Frank Miller's mid-1980s Ronin, Adam Warren and Toren Smith's 1988 The Dirty Pair, Ben Dunn's 1993 Ninja High School, Stan Sakai's 1984 Usagi Yojimbo, and Manga Shi 2000 from Crusade Comics (1997).
In 2007, sales of manga in Japan were 406.7 billion yen (US$3.71 billion), a 20 percent decline from 1996, when total sales reached 584.7 billion yen.
During that time the circulation of manga magazines dropped by half.
A bunko-ban contains more pages than a tank?bon, and the bunko edition of a given manga will consist of fewer volumes.
Piracy is a problem in Asian countries, where local publishers produce unlicensed copies of Japanese manga, often on cheap-quality paper, that compete with legitimate magazines.
Sometimes manga are drawn centering on previously existing live-action or animated films such as Star Wars.
Scanlation is primarily a hobby which began as small individual efforts by manga fans and developed into a community-oriented practice.
A number of U.S. artists have drawn comics and cartoons influenced by manga.
European publishers also translate manga into German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, Danish and Dutch.
In 1998, Mixx Entertainment-TokyoPop issued U.S. manga book versions of Sailor Moon and CLAMP's Magic Knight Rayearth.
From the 1950s, sh?nen manga focused on subjects thought to interest the archetypal boy, such as robots, space travel, and heroic action-adventure.
TokyoPop introduced original English-language manga (OEL manga) later renamed Global Manga.
Manga publishers based in the United Kingdom include Orionbooks/Gollancz and Titan Books.
U.S. manga publishers such as Random House have a strong marketing presence in the U.K.
The Japanese manga industry has a large number of awards, most sponsored by publishers who include publication in one of their magazines as part of the prize.
Manga artists sometimes enter the field with a few "one-shot" manga projects; if these receive good reviews, they are continued.
Entertainment executives are concerned because the manga industry is one of the foundations of Japanese entertainment culture.
In 1996, Mixx Entertainment founded TokyoPop in the United States to publish manga in trade paperbacks and, like Viz, began aggressive marketing of manga to both young male and young female demographics.
Many manga, particularly seinen manga and josei manga, are published in wide-ban editions after magazine serialization, and are never released in the tank?bon format that is common in sh?nen manga and sh?jo manga.
The influence of the editor varies from manga to manga and company to company.
Francophone artists have developed their own versions of manga, such as Frйdйric Boilet's la nouvelle manga.
Boys and young men were among the earliest readers of manga after World War II.
Manga enthusiasts continue to discuss whether the term “manga” can be legitimately applied to manga-style works created by non-Japanese artists.
Osamu Tezuka and Machiko Hasegawa (?????, 1920 – 1992), creator of Sazae-san, were stylistic innovators who shaped the development of modern manga.
The entrance of Japanese manga into Western markets was preceded by the release of anime movies and television series based on manga.
By December 2007, at least 15 U.S. manga publishers had released 1,300 to 1,400 titles.
Scanlation emerged in response to the unavailability of popular manga in many languages, and to the discrepancies between manga books published in Japan and books published in other countries.
Historians and writers on manga history differ over the extent to which the development of manga in Japan was influenced by cultural and historical events following World War II.
The first to use the word "manga" in its modern sense was Rakuten Kitazawa (?? ??, 1876 – 1955), the first professional cartoonist in Japan and the mentor of many younger mangaka and animators.
European publishers marketing manga translated into French include Glйnat, Asuka, Casterman, Kana, and Pika.
When used outside Japan, the term “manga” refers specifically to comics originally published in Japan.
A manga artist (mangaka in Japanese) typically works with a few assistants in a small studio and is associated with a creative editor from a commercial publishing company.
The theme of teams (sentai) of girls working together is also extensively developed in sh?jo manga.
Sh?jo manga such as Naoko Takeuchi's Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon, which became internationally popular in both manga and anime formats, feature superheroines on a quest.
Manga (in kanji ??; in hiragana ???; in katakana ???, Manga) listen ?, pronounced /?m??g?/, is the Japanese word for comics (sometimes called komikku ????) and print cartoons.
Japanese manga has had an increasing influence on both the styles and aesthetics of comics and on the marketing of comics internationally.
Between 1950 and 1969, as the two primary genres of manga, sh?nen manga aimed at boys and sh?jo manga aimed at girls solidified, increasingly large audiences for manga emerged in Japan.
Manga magazines also contain one-shot comics and various four-panel yonkoma (equivalent to comic strips).
The term is most often used for Japanese (manga), Korean (manhwa), and Chinese (manhua) comics.
One of the first manga translated into English and marketed in the U.S. was Keiji Nakazawa's Barefoot Gen, an autobiographical story of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima issued by Leonard Rifas and Educomics (1980-1982).
Translated manga often includes cultural notes explaining details of Japanese culture that may not be familiar to foreign audiences.
Right-to-left formatting of manga has now become commonplace in North America.
Some d?jinshi are original stories, but many are parodies of popular manga and anime series or include fictional characters from them.
By 1995–1998, the Sailor Moon manga had been exported to over 23 countries, including China, Brazil, Mexico, Australia, most of Europe and North America.
Old Montreal is accessible from the downtown core via the underground city and is served by several STM bus routes and metro stations, ferries to the South Shore, and a network of bicycle paths.
Manga with solitary costumed superheroes like Superman, Batman, and Spider-Man generally did not become as popular.
Hasegawa's focus on daily family life and the experiences of women came to characterize later sh?jo manga.
Some scanlations are produced because fans believe the original appeal of a manga has been compromised by commercial translators, who sometimes tone down the language, re-write jokes or make cultural changes.
Others such as Frederik L. Schodt, Kinko Ito, and Adam L. Kern consider manga to be a modern continuation of pre-War, Meiji, and pre-Meiji Japanese culture and aesthetic traditions.
An early example was Vernon Grant, who drew manga-influenced comics while living in Japan in the late 1960s-early 1970s.
Many anime movies and television series have been adapted from popular manga, and they are also licensed for use in merchandise such as clothing, accessories, toys, stationery products and digital games.
TokyoPop is currently the largest U.S. publisher of original English language manga.
Most often, assistants are responsible for the backgrounds and screentones in manga, while the mangaka draws and inks the main characters.
Articles about manga were published in New York Times, TIME magazine, the Wall Street Journal, and Wired magazine.
Manga are typically printed in black-and-white, although some full-color manga exist.
Manga magazines usually have many series running concurrently with approximately 20–40 pages allocated to each series per issue.
Assistants rarely help the mangaka with the plot of a manga, beyond being a "sounding board" for ideas.
Some artists may study for a few years at an art college or manga school, or take on an apprenticeship with another mangaka, before entering the world of manga as a professional artist.
Japanese people frequently refer to manga tank?bon as komikkusu (?????, komikkusu), from the English word "comics."
