The common subdivision into Early, High and Late Middle Ages came into use after World War I.
Much of the nobility of the High Middle Ages was to claim its roots in the Carolingian nobility that was generated during this period of expansion.
The period of the Middle Ages is usually dated from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century to the beginning of the Renaissance in the fifteenth century.
The High Middle Ages were characterized by the urbanization of Europe, military expansion, and an intellectual revival that historians identify between the 11th century and the end of the 13th.
The Middle Ages form the middle period in a traditional division of European history into three "epochs": the classical civilization of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the modern era.
Every century has created its own vision of the Middle Ages; the 18th century view of the Middle Ages was entirely different from the 19th century which was different from the 16th century view.
Lutherans' split with the Church in 1517, and the subsequent division of Catholicism into Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anabaptism put a definitive end to the unified Church built during the Middle Ages.
Another argument for a late beginning to the Middle Ages was presented by Peter Brown.
The High Middle Ages witnessed the growing urbanization of northern and western Europe.
Traditionally, the Middle Ages is said to have begun when the West Roman Empire formally ceased to exist in 476.
During the early Middle Ages and the Islamic Golden Age, Islamic philosophy, science, and technology were more advanced than in Western Europe.
The Late Middle Ages was a period initiated by calamities and upheavals.
Brown championed the idea of Late Antiquity, a period that was culturally distinct from both the preceding Empire and from the rest of the Middle Ages.
The Early Middle Ages also witnessed the rise of monasticism within the west.
Bulletin de la Classe des Lettres, 1914) and Johan Huizinga (The Autumn of the Middle Ages, 1919).
The pope's role in Charlemagne's and later coronations lent new authority to the papacy, and the Church and secular rulers grew closely allied in a hierarchical system characteristic of the Middle Ages.
The Late Middle Ages also witnessed the rise of strong, royalty-based nation-states, particularly England, France, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula.
After the Middle Ages ended subsequent generations imagined, portrayed and interpreted the Middle Ages in different ways.
By the end of the Middle Ages Christian armies had captured all the Islamic territories in modern Spain, Portugal and Southern Italy.
The plural form of the term, Middle Ages, is used in English, Dutch, Russian, Bulgarian and Icelandic while other European languages use the singular form (Italian medioevo, French le moyen вge, German das Mittelalter).
During the late Middle Ages, from the 10th to the 16th centuries, kings and lords lived in castles. As well as the lord, the lady (his wife), and their family there were lots of staff. Some were important officials, such as the constable who took care of the castle when the lord was away.
Castles were great defences against the enemy. However, when gunpowder was invented the castles stopped being an effective form of defence. By the end of the 1300s gunpowder was widely in use. The medieval castle with its high vertical walls was no longer the invincible fortification it had been.