Facts about Mining
During this period, many Americans (both Caucasian and African American) traveled west by railroad for work opportunities in mining.
Several steps need to be taken before a mining project can begin.
Materials recovered by mining include coal, diamonds, limestone, bauxite, phosphate, rock salt, precious metals, iron, nickel, lead, tin, uranium, and molybdenum.
The first mining academy in the world was established in the same town in 1762.
Mining has also been associated with problems related to miners' health and safety, environmental pollution and degradation, and threats to public health.
Miners' safety and health have long been issues of concern associated with the mining business, especially subsurface mining.
One of the most dramatic changes in the mining industry has been the role of sophisticated, three-dimensional mine planning computer software packages.
Bulldozers, drills, explosives, and trucks are important for digging into the land, especially in surface mining.
To ensure completion of land reclamation, the Office of Surface Mining requires that mining companies post a bond to be held in escrow until the productivity of reclaimed land has been demonstrated convincingly.
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals and other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, vein, or (coal) seam.
Recent regulations, proper planning, and technological improvements have made mining substantially safer today than it was in earlier decades.
Mining, like other heavy industries, requires heavy machinery to break and remove rocks that range in their degree of hardness and toughness.
Underground mining today tends to be technologically more sophisticated, because of the dangers and expense of subsurface tunneling.
Finally, Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, Tutankhamun, and Ay were excised from the official lists of Pharaohs, which instead reported that Amenhotep III was immediately succeeded by Haremheb.
Consequently, mining practices have become significantly safer and healthier.
Another early mining operation was the turquoise mine operated by ancient Egyptians at Wady Maghareh on the Sinai peninsula.
The first use of black gun powder for mining appears to have been in a mineshaft under Banskб ·tiavnica, Slovakia, in 1627.
Today, many countries have strict regulations to prevent these problems and to reclaim the land after the mining project is completed.
Western cities such as Denver, Colorado, and Sacramento, California, originated as mining towns.
Environmental problems associated with mining include erosion, formation of sinkholes, chemical contamination of surface waters and groundwater, and loss of biodiversity.
Enrollment levels in mining education programs at American colleges appear too low to meet the anticipated demand.
The mining of oil shale in northeastern Estonia also left gigantic mounds of limestone dotting the region.