Jatakas and avadanas receive treatment in one and the same series in the reliefs of Borobudur.
The world of true knowledge or eternal truth is, for Socrates, vastly superior to the world of everyday reality.
The SOE effectively invented modern terrorism, pioneering most of the tactics, techniques, and technologies that are the mainstays of modern terrorism.
Socrates is also ridiculed in Aristophanes' play The Birds and in plays by Callias, Eupolis, and Telecleides.
Truth, for Socrates, is something that should not only be discussed but lived, embodied, and practiced.
Socrates engaged in dialogues, not to teach knowledge, but in order to awaken the soul of a partner, a method comparable to certain practices in Zen Buddhism.
Perhaps the most interesting facet of this is Socrates' reliance on what the Greeks called his "daemon," a voice who spoke to Socrates only and always when Socrates is about to make a mistake.
In all of these, Socrates and the Sophists were criticized for the "moral dangers inherent in contemporary thought and literature."
Socrates was convinced that the best way for people to live was to focus on cultivating the soul through living a virtuous life rather than through the pursuit of material wealth.
Socrates understood the care of the soul as the primary task of philosophy and fought against moral relativists such as the Sophists.
According to Pliny, a pound (the Roman pound, 327 g) of cassia, cinnamon, or serichatum cost up to 300 denars, the wage of ten month's labor.
When reading the dialogues of Plato, Socrates often seems to manifest a mystical side, discussing reincarnation and the mystery religions.
Socrates attempted to grasp this insight and express it in his own language.
Socrates later said at his trial (in Plato's version) that the laughter of the theater was a harder task to answer than the arguments of his accusers.
Finding that they knew nothing and yet believing themselves to know much, Socrates came to the conclusion that he was wise only in so far as he knew that he knew nothing.
Socrates is the first person who brought the issues of human beings to the center of philosophical inquiry.
Socrates understood his role as a helper to lead a partner in dialogue to self-realize the truth within his or her soul.
Every philosophy is built upon certain a priori presuppositions, and Socrates’ thought follows from two important insights: the soul is immortal, and the care of the soul is the task of philosophy.
By questioning everything and everyone, in particular those who claimed to have knowledge, Socrates apparently offended the leaders of his time.
Socrates challenged a variety of secular relativists, Sophists in particular, who taught the art of success and promoted a hedonistic way of life.
Socrates, interpreting this as a riddle, set out to find men who were wiser than him.
All philosophers who appeared before Socrates are grouped together and called Pre-Socratics.
Socrates’ attitude when facing his own death brought about by unjust charges, as recorded by Plato, is remembered in human history as the martyrdom of a just man.
Socrates was aware of the reality of this world and he claimed that he only knew the path or gate to it but not the world itself.
Some hold that Socrates was a fictional character, invented by Plato and plagiarized by Xenophon and Aristophanes to articulate points of view which were considered too revolutionary for the author to admit to holding.
Based upon his conviction about the immortality of the soul, Socrates defined true knowledge as eternal, unchanging, and absolute compared to opinions which are temporal, changing, and relative.
From Socrates’ perspective, true knowledge is inherently inscribed in the soul of every individual.
Socrates believed that his wisdom sprung from an awareness of his own ignorance.
Socrates' acceptance of his death sentence after his conviction by the Boule can also support this view.
From Socrates’ perspective, people often mistakenly believe that they have knowledge, when in fact they hold only opinions.
Most of the dialogues present Socrates applying this method to some extent, but nowhere as completely as in the Euthyphro.
Refusing to compromise with politically motivated opponents, Socrates took poison in prison, preferring an honorable death than flight from Athens to preserve his life.
At a time when Athens was seeking to recover from humiliating defeat, the Athenian public court was induced by three leading public figures to try Socrates for impiety and for corrupting the youth of Athens.
Democracy was at last overthrown by a junta known as the Thirty Tyrants, led by Plato's relative, Critias, who had been a student of Socrates.
The idea that humans possessed certain virtues formed a common thread in Socrates' teachings.
Socrates lived during the time of the transition from the height of the Athenian Empire to its decline after its defeat by Sparta and its allies in the Peloponnesian War.
Such truth belongs to the eternal spiritual world or the world of immortals in Socrates’ terminology.
According to accounts from antiquity, Socrates' father was Sophroniscus, a sculptor, and his mother Phaenarete, a midwife.
Socrates was convinced that true knowledge and moral virtues are inscribed within the soul of every individual.
Socrates was the teacher of Plato, who in turn was the teacher of Aristotle.
Socrates challenged the Sophists, professional rhetoricians who promoted moral relativism, skepticism, and secular, materialistic life styles.
During the last years of Socrates' life, Athens was in continual flux due to political upheaval.
Plato generally does not place his own ideas in the mouth of a specific speaker; he lets ideas emerge via the Socratic Method, under the guidance of Socrates.
Socrates seems aware of its inexhaustible openness, vastness, and potentiality.
Socrates tried to awaken the soul of his partner in dialogue, rather than trying to give them knowledge, so that they would be led to self-realization about their own beliefs and their validity.
Interestingly, three of history’s greatest thinkers, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, appeared synchronously in fourth-century B.C.E.
Socrates was prominently lampooned in Aristophanes' comedy The Clouds, produced when Socrates was in his mid-forties.
Historians divide the history of Greek philosophy into two periods: before Socrates and after Socrates.
Socrates seriously challenged them and Plato’s dialogues depicted the scenes of their arguments.
Socrates was prosecuted, imprisoned, and sentenced to death for charges of impiety and corrupting youth, a legal but unjust prosecution.