Nope. The Fallout Universe is not simply a vision of the future. It's a full on alternate universe. There was a divergence in history between the events of our past and the past of the Fallout universe, which occurred right around the end of WWII. read more
One big difference is the Cold War never ended in Fallout, while it did IRL. The superpowers are (or at least claiming they are) disarming a lot of nukes, and while there's smaller countries with potential nuclear capability, I can't see them destroying the world ala Fallout. read more