For sandstone and mudstone, the process is pretty simple -- weathering, erosion, transportation of sediment from a "source area" and deposition, burial, compaction and/or cementation in a sedimentary "basin"! read more
Sedimentary rocks have also been found on Mars. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles (detritus) to settle and accumulate or minerals to precipitate from a solution. Particles that form a sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. read more