Yes. I used road bike pedals for a few years, but later switched to mountain bike (Crank Bros.) pedals on the road bike. Mountain bike pedals are slightly less efficient, but unless you are racing, you won’t notice the difference. My only problem with road pedals was walking in them. read more
Use whatever suits you. I wouldn't worry about what looks right. I use spd's mainly because I used to do a lot of mountain biking. I tried road pedals when I got my road bike but didn't like only being able to clip in one side. read more
If you can't afford proper pedals, then I would say use the toe clips, or toe clips without the straps, or take it all off and just use the pedals as platforms. Unless you use your mountain bike as a road bike, in which case go ahead and use the road pedals and shoes. read more