Do animals live in present moment?

It is the vital principle that dominates in animals. There is a mind indeed that governs but it is submerged and supporting the vital. There instinct dominates, what would be termed as the intelligence of the vital rather than mind proper. read more

Animals live in the present moment only, since they lack the intelligence to think of past or future. However, they do have the senses and expressions of being sad, happy and angry. read more

Current evidence and implications for welfare Michael Mendl*, Elizabeth S. Paul Centre for Behavioural Biology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, read more