Usually, the arterial network will have interconnections with other arteries nearby, so if an artery was blocked, blood flowing through a nearby artery could take over feeding the organ at the end of the blocked artery. We see this e.g. read more
The circulatory system is an entire network. If one vein is blocked, then others will hypertrophy and carry blood to the various tissues. The cell has to have a blood supply, otherwise it dies. read more
Double circulatory system: We have two serial circulations, one low pressure system from the heart to the lungs where CO2 is gotten rid of, and O2 is taken up, the other a high pressure system taking the oxygenated blood and nutrition from the heart to the body (“systemic”). read more
The systems you mention, the blood, heart, vessels, and lungs exist in partial forms in other organisms. For example, insects have open circulatory systems with primitive blood vessels and a simple heart. Instead of lungs, air is moved through a system of tubes. read more