Volcanoes are another source of dangerous mud. You might think that the only thing that runs down the sides of volcanoes is lava, but the fine ash erupted from explosive volcanoes can cause destructive mudflows. read more
Many volcanoes build cinder or composite (i.e. Cinder and lava) cones. As these grow in height, they will attract snowfall (depending on the latitude), and if enough snow accumulates, these can form glaciers. read more
Lahars move rapidly down valleys like rivers of concrete. If you are on the floor of a valley that leads from a volcano and become aware of an oncoming lahar, seek high ground. Lahar is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley. read more
A mudflow or mud flow is a form of mass wasting involving "very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow" of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to the source material. read more