The humans in Star Wars who can understand what Chewbacca is saying do so because they are familiar enough with his language to translate it, the same way that an English speaker might also understand people who speak Spanish or French. read more
Wookiees can speak standard language as well. It's because of Chewbacca that everyone thinks they can't -.- because he never learned to speak it well.. Also, yes, people learn over time. Princess Leia, for example, could not understand Chewie until years later while Han Solo knew the Wookiee language perfectly. read more