Probably the fetal position as it makes using one's arm for a pillow easy and conserves body heat while protecting vital organs. Laying somewhat crouched on one side is the way you see people mostly sleep when camping outside without tents or sleeping bags when they're most vulnerable. read more
People used to sleep on piles of straw and animal skins before beds were invented, but beds have been around for a long time. They are even mentioned in the Odyssey. Ancient Romans slept on mattresses stuffed with wool or reeds. read more
Some people by the way dont use pillows todate but have good nights' sleep compared to one who uses a pillow. The kind of beds used were made of grass,leaves,skin and hides in caves ofcourse. read more