How do electrons and protons acquire charge?

Static electrons produce electric fields. Ergo, electrons are charged. Something rather interesting about this is that electric charge is quantized in particles, and free particles will always have charge equal to some integer multiple of the charge of the electron. We say that the charge of the electron is -e. A proton has charge e. read more

Protons get a positive charge due to quarks , its made up of 2 up quarks with a charge of +2/3 and a down quark with a charge of -1/3 getting a net positive charge of +1 units. Electrons have -1 to make the atom neutral as whole. read more

Electrons and Protons represent actual charges, they do not aquire them. the difference between the two constitutes an energy force, but no one knows what energy is. It is more accurate to ask how charges acquired the names "electron" and "positron", which is an etymological issue. read more

Electron does not acquire charge. If electron is charged, than there should be conditions to discharge or at least to divide its charge. But we never got in any experiment change for electron or proton charge. read more

So now we can answer your question in the language of the quantum field: the electron gets its charge by the field allowing to create one positive charge state and one negative charge state at the same time, leaving its total charge zero. read more