Afforestation causes fundamental changes in ecosystem structure and functioning, including changes in shading, the micro-climate, production, nutrient cycling and the water balance, all of which may affect biodiversity. read more
Deforestation affects biodiversity in a number of ways. Trees may be removed from particular areas in order to make various wood products, to clear land for new buildings or roads, or for creating new farming or grazing land. Deforestation can also occur as a result of natural disasters or accidental fires. read more