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How does gaseous exchange occur in bony fish?

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https://goo.gl/31T06Y to unlock the full series of AS, A2 & A-level Biology videos created by A* students for the new OCR, AQA and Edexcel specification. In today's video we'll investigate gas exchange in bony fish and insects. We'll look at the gills organ found in fish and explain its use and structure. read more

In bony fish, an operculum covers the gills and can be used for pumping water across the gills. Sharks don't have this bony gill cover and rely on water flowing into the mouth and across the gills. They must swim to keep breathing. In Osteichthyes or bony fish, at the gills a countercurrent flow occurs to allow the most diffusion into the blood. read more

Fish also have an efficient transport system within the lamellae which maintains the concentration gradient across the lamellae. The arrangement of water flowing past the gills in the opposite direction to the blood (called countercurrent flow) means that they can extract oxygen at 3 times the rate a human can. read more

This gas exchange system is extremely efficient for the fish and enables it to extract 80% of the available O2 from water as opposed to humans who can only extract 25% from the air. 2)The water is continuously flowing over the gills in what's called a one-way flow, this means there's no dead space like in human lungs. read more

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