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How does grain size affect the strength of steel?

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Grain Size and Material Strength. The previous edition of Technical Tidbits discussed dislocations and plastic strain. It was noted that most low-temperature, permanent deformation of metal comes from the movement of crystalline imperfections, known as dislocations, through the grains in the metal. read more

Generally, as the grain size increases the strength decreases. Reason: All grains are separated by the grain boundaries. The strength is generally attributed to the motion of dislocation. These grain boundaries acts as an obstacle to the dislocations. If the grain sizes are small, the grain density (as in the number of grains) would be high. read more

However, experiments on many nanocrystalline materials demonstrated that if the grains reached a small enough size, the critical grain size which is typically around 10 nm (3.9 × 10 −7 in), the yield strength would either remain constant or decrease with decreasing grains size. read more

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