Arches do not develop simultaneously but instead possess a "staggered" development. Pharyngeal pouches form on the endodermal side between the arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form from the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches. read more
Endothelium in the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 is derived from the second heart field "Oxygenated blood from the heart is directed into the systemic circulation through the aortic arch arteries (AAAs). read more