Well this paper reports a supernova shockwave velocity of 12.9km/s, comparable to the escape velocity of the Earth. Certainly an interstellar spaceship could achieve that velocity. However that is just for the physical ejecta. read more
But I’m going to focus on a core collapse supernova, the “regular unleaded” of supernovae. Stars between 8 and about 50 times the mass of the Sun exhaust the hydrogen fuel in their cores quickly, in few short million years. read more