How likely is it that mammoths had fleas?

Great question. I'm not aware of any fossil evidence of fleas associated with mammoths, but the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. For insights, it may be helpful to consider evidence of fleas collected from extant relatives of the ma... read more

They used fire to drive mammoths over cliffs, letting gravity do the work (like buffalo jumps that Native Americans used more recently). Generally these big, dangerous herbivores were best left alone, but when planning and/or geomorphology were utilized just right, mammoths (and rhinos) could be brought down with relative ease. read more