The smallest living organisms are bacteria (viruses are smaller but are not really living organisms). In the oceans bacterial counts are typically of the order 1–10 x 10^5 per millitre. We will take 1x10^5 for now. read more
About 8.7 million (give or take 1.3 million) is the new, estimated total number of species on Earth -- the most precise calculation ever offered -- with 6.5 million species on land and 2.2 million in oceans. read more