Water expanding when freezing can exert a significant force. Practically this depends on two factors, the volume of water being frozen and the compliance of what is holding the water. read more
Pressure and force are related, and so you can calculate one if you know the other by using the physics equation, P = F/A. Because pressure is force divided by area, its meter-kilogram-second (MKS) units are newtons per square meter, or N/m2. read more