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In '21st of Charles II', what are 21 and II here?

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From the broad Whiggish vistas of the 19th century to the Namierite views of the 20th century, to the post-revisionist views of the 21st, more than most history the sources and narratives on this remarkable .... Here, for example, is Charles II on his Long Parliament in 1664: 'I need not tell you how much I love Parliaments. read more

Acts of Parliament passed in that year would normally be listed as 21 Car.II then a reference number for the individual Act. ‘Car’ here is the Latin abbreviation of ‘Charles’, Carolus. II is because he was the second king of England, Scotland and Ireland to be named ‘Charles’. read more

) in 1658, and without the charismatic solemnity of their Lord Protector, the English republican movement disintegrated. read more

Charles II's father, Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War. Although the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth, and the country was a de facto republic, led by Oliver Cromwell. read more

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