Is Monaco independent of France?

Pretty much, but there is some room for interpretation. Monaco is an independent country by right and in law. Its independence from France has been pretty solid since the 1400's, although it passed much of that time as a protectorate of various lo... read more

France ensures Monaco’s independence, but the prince must “exercise his sovereign rights in perfect conformity with the political, military, naval, and economic interests of France.” The treaty also stipulated that any heir to the throne must be approved by France and be of French or Monegasque nationality. read more

Despite Monaco's independence and separate foreign policy, its defense is the responsibility of France. However, Monaco does maintain two small military units. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with the opening of the country's first casino, Monte Carlo, and a railway connection to Paris. read more

Jean I, who died in 1454, was succeeded by a son, Catalan. Catalan’s daughter, Claudine, married a Grimaldi of the Antibes branch, Lambert. It was under his rule that Monaco was recognized as independent by King Charles VIII of France in 1489. read more