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Were Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia secular?

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No. The whole concept was alien to the ancient world. Religion was closely tied to the 'state', and vice versa. Higher 'political' office tended to be tied in with, or at least derived from 'religious' functions—I'm using scare quotes here because the distinction very likely wouldn't have made sense to the people of the era. read more

Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, though, had fundamental differences in the way their societies were ruled, as well as in developments concerning cultural and religious life. Differences Between Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Ancient Egypt had a different political structure from Mesopotamia. read more

Then, there were the very dark skinned and Ugandan-looking “Egyptians” were the Nubians (modern day Sudan). Ancient Mesopotamia’s extensions spread from the Middle East, Iran, Tunisia(Carthage), and then spread with Islam and the Arabs into Turkey. read more

Each of the two ancient temples in Jerusalem were called Beit Hamikdash, which translates literally as "the Holy House" and, in this, the Hebrews either copied or independently arrived at the same conception of a temple that the ancient Egyptians had: that the temple was the house of the god. read more

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Further Research

Ancient Egypt vs. Mesopotamia
bookbuilder.cast.org

Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared
history-world.org