I'll just list some off the top of my head, but it really depends on what you mean by "major subdisciplines". Evolutionary Ecology; Population Ecology; Conservation/Restoration Ecology. read more
There are subsects like the field I worked in, Transportation Ecology, which is a mix of Population Ecology, Wetland Ecology, Restoration Ecology, and Environmental Science. In general it is the study of how human transportation affects the environment. read more
For example, the population ecology of an organism is a consequence of its behavioral ecology and intimately tied to its community ecology. Methods from molecular ecology might inform the study of the population, and all kinds of data are modeled and analyzed using quantitative ecology techniques. read more