What are the different ways in which nematodes reproduce?

I can't speak of all nematodes, but among the parasitic ones I know, it's common for the male to have a copulatory bursa with which he clasps the female around her vulva in order to inseminate her. read more

Most female nematodes lay shelled eggs, but some are viviparous (bear “live” young) or ovoviviparous (produce eggs that hatch inside her body before they are born). Hookworms, whipworms, and Ascaris, for example, lay shelled eggs. read more

There are nematodes with separate sexes and hermaphrodites in addition to species that reproduce parthenogentically. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite sex and a pure male sex. read more

All nematodes lay eggs. Syngamy, or cross fertilization, is common in most nematodes. Hermaphroditism also occurs, with the nematode gonads producing spermatozoa first and storing them until the eggs are produced. Parthenogenesis is also a normal means of reproduction in some nematodes. read more