What are the effects of racism?

The effects of racism include fear, hatred, low self-esteem, cruelty, harassment, social conflict and psychological pain. The Library of Congress notes that racism can prevent access to social services and opportunities, such as education, health care and employment. read more

Although the chronic condition of stress can have negative side effects on all persons, the unique psycho-social and contextual factors, specifically the common and pervasive exposure to racism and discrimination, creates an additional daily stressor for African-Americans. read more

Research indicates that the places where racism is experienced most frequently include in the neighbourhood, shops, and in the workplace. It can emerge in other spaces such as on public transport, sporting events or at schools.Expressions of racism can also be found in media. read more