Good question, I have done research on mitosis and on the very subject of chromosome alignment, and I feel qualified to answer this question. The answer may get long but I will try to keep it short with a little introduction. Chromosomes are kept compact inside the nucleus before the cell enters cell division. read more
This is a disk-like proteanaceous structure assembled on the centromeric region of sister chromatids (chromosomes duplicate prior to mitosis and form identical sister chromatids). Microtubules are polar fibrous polymers of a protein called tubulin. read more
First, chromosomes migrate to the center of the cell (during metaphase). Then the sister chromatids of each chromosome move to opposite poles in the cell (during anaphase). This movement is a crucial part of each daughter cell receiving the same subset of genes. read more
During mitosis, the chromosomes eventually separate to opposite ends of the cell so that the cell can divide into two. Mitosis is the process where one cell replicates and becomes two daughter cells. The chromosomes move to opposite ends gradually over the course of four phases. read more