There isn't any one database technology that is preferred or used. Amazon uses various databases from Oracle, MySQL in the relational field to Amazon’s DyanmoDB [1] in NoSQL and Redshift [2] as it's own data warehouse. read more
As most people correctly wrote, Amazon does not use an RDBMS (a traditional relational DB, e.g. Oracle) to store product data. RDBMSs simply don’t support the required scale (amount of data and query throughput/latency). read more
The massive technology core that keeps Amazon running is entirely Linux-based. As of 2005, Amazon has the world's three largest Linux databases, with a total capacity of 7.8 terabytes (TB), 18.5 TB and 24.7 TB respectively . read more