What did king Philip IV of France do?

Known as “The Handsome” (“Le Bel”), Philip IV was also king of Navarre, thanks to his marriage. His reign was marked by efforts to centralise the Kingdom by concentrating more power in the crown and less in the hands of the vassals. read more

Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel) or the Iron King (French: le Roi de fer), was King of France from 1285 until his death. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also Philip I, King of Navarre from 1284 to 1305. read more

Philip IV, byname Philip the Fair, French Philippe le Bel, (born 1268, Fontainebleau, France—died November 29, 1314, Fontainebleau), king of France from 1285 to 1314 (and of Navarre, as Philip I, from 1284 to 1305, ruling jointly with his wife, Joan I of Navarre). read more