What does the Earth's mantle consist of?

Effects of Mantle. The mantle is what creates volcanoes, earthquakes, and the shifting of the tectonic plates just below the earth's surface. This is what causes continents to slowly shift throughout history. read more

The outer mantle is about 7-200 miles below the earth's surface. It consists of solid rock and is between 2500 and 5400 degrees Fahrenheit. read more

The Earth's mantle has four layers: the lithosphere, asthenosphere, upper mantle and lower mantle. The lithosphere is the outermost level of the upper mantle. This layer's name often includes reference to the Earth's crust, though the lithosphere has different features like temperature. read more