What function do the mitochondria and chloroplasts serve?

Earthly life is dependent on the movement of electrons between energy states. Chloroplasts are able to convert the energy of photons into “food” by pushing electrons into more energetic states within chemical compounds. read more

In general, both organelles while creating different outputs - sugar or ATP, chloroplasts and mitochondria, respectively - amongst many other things create energy currency for use by the respective cells to be used for cellular ‘work’. read more

A secondary function of mitochondria is to synthesize proteins for their own use. They work independently, and execute the transcription of DNA to RNA, and translation of RNA to amino acids (the building blocks of protein), without using any components of the cell. read more

Mitochondria help take energy from sugar or glucose and convert it into a simpler form, called ATP, that the cell can more easily use. This process is called cellular respiration, and the mitochondria plays a central role in it. read more