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What is the difference between runoff and flood in hydrology?

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Flood is extreme runoff. The basic difference is just quantity. If the run off exceeds the banks of the stream or river, it is a flood. Controlling runoff by creating opportunities for the water to sink down into an aquifer can prevent flooding. read more

Runoff includes all the water flowing in the stream channel while the surface runoff includes only the water that reaches the stream channel. Runoff is also called as Discharge or stream flow. read more

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Chapter 6 Runoff
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Science in Your Watershed
water.usgs.gov