Its solid, 8ft-thick walls are dented on its east side, the result of Oliver Cromwell firing cannons at the castle on his way through Scotland to Edinburgh in 1650. ... read more
Because they did not want the alternatives. One alternative was installing a Stuart king again, but they were generally very Catholic leaning and hostile to advancing the Reformation. read more
David Leslie, 1st Lord of Newark, had fought in the Swedish army during the Thirty Years’ War. During the First English Civil War, both Leslie and Cromwell had led Scottish cavalry on the Parliamentarian army’s left flank at Marston Moor. read more
Now Cromwell sought to make war on the Scots, who were a protestant people and, moreover, ‘brethren’, which some, including Sir Thomas Fairfax, regarded as bound with the English in Covenant withGod. 14 Cromwell was more astute, perhaps, in his assessment of the threat Scotland undoubtedly posed to the nascent English republic. read more