Microwave ovens produce heat directly within the food, but despite the common misconception that microwaved food cooks from the inside out, 2.45 Ghz microwaves can only penetrate approximately 1 centimeter (0.39 in) into most foods. read more
microwave ovens. By the late 1980s about eight out of ten homes had microwave ovens." -from http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/27501/1/22030045.pdf To my eye, Figure 1 in this paper show the 50% ownership mark in the US to first be surpassed in 1986. read more
The microwave oven was patented on October 8, 1945 by the company Raytheon. At the time, it was called the Radarange. It wasn't until 1967 that the microwave was more affordable and reasonably sized. read more