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Why are ionic compounds usually hard?

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Bond energy or energy to break a ionic bond is quite high. That makes them stronger. Second reason could be forming crystal structure like bcc, FCC. read more

Because ionic compounds are formed by alternating positive and negative ions, and because they are all held together with these strong electrostatic forces, the oppositely charged ions pack tightly with each other and form a crystal lattice structure that is extremely hard to break. read more

The cations and anions are locked tightly into place because of the attraction of their opposite charges - as a result, it's difficult to move the ions and the material is very hard. read more

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