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Why are sodium-ion batteries not on the market?

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Simple TL;DR answer: size and weight. Sodium is chemically similar to lithium and would appear to fit precisely in the same place as lithium in lithium ion batteries. read more

Research on Sodium-ion batteries began around the same time as that in Lithium-ion batteries in the 1970 - 80s. However, solutions to stabilizing rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries were found first and the potential of having a higher energy density battery drew research focus away from Sodium-ion batteries. read more

The researchers demonstrated a Na-ion battery that exhibits charge/discharge rate and capacity values that are among the highest achieved for both organic Na-ion and Li-ion batteries. The large improvement may help pave the way toward the integration of Na-ion batteries in portable and wearable electronics. read more

In 2014 Aquion Energy offered a commercially available sodium-ion battery with cost/kWh capacity similar to a lead acid battery for use as a backup power source for electricity micro-grids. According to the company, it was 85 percent efficient. read more

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Beyond Lithium | Laboratory for Energy Storage and Conversion
Source: smeng.ucsd.edu

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