Why are there penguins on Antartica?

Why penguins ended up in the Southern hemisphere and auks in the Northern, I doubt we'll ever know. It was probably random chance. If you're question was more along the lines of why penguins choose to live on the icy hellscape that is Antarctica, the answer is that penguins are supremely adapted to the conditions. read more

There are just 17 species of penguin worldwide, 4 of these live and nest on and around the Antarctic continent and a further 3 live and nest on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands, giving 7 species that can be considered "Antarctic Penguins". read more

Dogs preyed upon penguins while they were allowed in Antarctica during the age of early human exploration as sled dogs, but dogs are now banned from Antarctica. Instead, adult penguins are at risk at sea from predators such as sharks, the orca, and the leopard seal. read more