Why does Bosnia and Herzegovina have three presidents?

It's in the Bosnian constitution. The reason for this rule is because Bosnia is a three-nation state rather than a single nation state. read more

According to the Article V of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of three members: one Bosniak and one Croat elected from the Federation and one Serb elected from the Republika Srpska. Together, they serve one four-year term. read more

In theory all three of Bosnia’s constitute nations are to be treated as equals which includes equal representation ( though in practice this doesn’t always work out smoothly but that’s a long story). So if the president belongs to one group then the other two must also have a president belonging to their respective groups. read more

Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republika Srpska. The main cities in the Federation are the capital Sarajevo, and the cities of Mostar, Tuzla, Bihac and Zenica, while in the Republika Srpska entity the main cities are Banja Luka, Bijeljina, Prijedor and Trebinje. read more