But how to define "unable"? Han Dynasty lasted 400 years and its territory had expanded a lot during that period. The main reason of the collapse of Han is the lack of food. read more
The Chariots were outclassed by Xiongnu cavalry. This is because the chariots were slower than Xiongnu cavalry. The mobility of the chariots was much lower than every type of Xiongnu . Some of Xiongnu cavalry were horse archers. They could just fire at slower chariots and ran. Han chariots would be defeated easily. read more
He then said Han Chinese army had five advantages over the Xiongnu: 1. on open field and easy terrains, light chariots and heavy cavalries can defeat the Xiongnu easily. 2. The Xiongnu’s bows were no match against strong crossbows and long halberds. read more
The Xiongnu practiced marriage alliances with Han dynasty officers and officials who defected to their side. The older sister of the Chanyu (the Xiongnu ruler) was married to the Xiongnu General Zhao Xin, the Marquis of Xi who was serving the Han dynasty. read more