Why is a lichen considered a pioneer species?

Biotic succession occurs on two different seral community or seres i.e lithosere/ xerosere and hydrosere. Lichen is considered as pioneer species only in case of the former whereas plankton stage is the pioneer stage for hydrosere. read more

Lichen is considered as pioneer species only in case of the former whereas plankton stage is the pioneer stage for hydrosere. Take a bare rocky area, a place without any sign of life. But one day there is a rainfall or heavy dew. read more

Lichens are considered pioneer because they will begin to destroy the rock and ash producing soil. They can survive because a lichen is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an algae. Once these lichens have done their work other organisms will appear, bacteria, algae, various grasses, etc. read more