The simple answer was because the rulers of Bavaria chose to remain Catholic and did things to make sure their subjects would be Catholic or exiled. read more
Partially (dis)agreeing with Hans-Christian Heinz, and Joseph Boyle, Germany is a predominantly Protestant country. Even though most of Germany can nowadays be considered atheist, and the Protestant Church has suffered much bigger losses to atheism, the huge value differences stemming from Protestantism and Catholicism explain a lot of the regional differences in German society. read more