In fermentation, pyruvate is transformed into acetaldehyde, which is reduced to ethanol by NADH. Glycolysis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In aerobic glycolysis: NADH is transferred into mitochondria via the mitochondrial shuttle, where it is oxidized to NAD in the respiratory chain, ultimately producing ATP. read more
Important Facts about Glycolysis: The major steps of glycolysis are outlined in the graphic on the left. There are a variety of starting points for glycolysis; although, the most usual ones start with glucose or glycogen to produce glucose-6-phosphate. read more
Pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis are actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the matrix where they can either be oxidized and combined with coenzyme A to form CO 2, acetyl-CoA, and NADH, or they can be carboxylated (by pyruvate carboxylase) to form oxaloacetate. read more