I suspect you mean a divalent element. Diatomic sulfur, [math]S_2[/math], exists only at high temperatures, much higher than are commonly found. Sulfur at room temperature and pressure is octatomic, [math]S_8[/math]. read more
But sulfur can have many different oxidation states depending on its chemical context. As part of sulfuric acid it is +6. As a component of proteins it can be -1 or -2. And as elemental sulfur (uncombined with other elements), as with all uncombined elements, it has an oxidation state of 0. read more
Phosphorus and sulfur are not diatomic elements. They generally form molecules of P4 and S8 although other forms of these elements also exist. In part this is because they form single bonds rather than the triple and double bonds found in N2 and O2. read more
There are seven diatomic elements: hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, bromine. These elements can exist in pure form in other arrangements. For example, oxygen can exist as the triatomic molecule, ozone. read more