Basically the answer is just that earth is mostly composed of silicate minerals on the inside, and any (excluding sedimentary minerals like calcite and salts) thing on earths surface came from the interior, so it must be composed of silicate minerals as well. read more
Silicon and oxygen are the two most common elements in Earth's crust. :D I got this from the science book, which I noticed all of your questions are. read more
We know that Earth's mass was formed by accretion. Over time, many many years, the material started to be organised by densities thanks to gravity. The Earth's core is mainly made out of iron because iron is denser than silicate materials which are the most common on the Earth's crust. read more