Types of Cast Iron

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Waupaca Foundry produces gray, ductile and compacted graphite iron castings. The difference in these types of iron is the characteristics of the graphite used in the material. Gray Iron. Gray iron is called that because when it is fractured, its surface appears a dull gray color.

Ductile Iron vs Cast Iron Ductile iron and cast iron are used in the metal industry on an everyday basis. However, the two alloys have different characteristics which results in them being used for various purposes.

While ductile iron is flexible, cast iron is not. When comparing the two, cast iron corrodes more quickly than ductile iron. Ductile iron consists of iron, carbon, silicon, manganese, magnesium, phosphorous and sulphur.

Ductile Iron is a type of cast iron known for its impact and fatigue resistance, elongation, and wear resistance due to the spherical (round) graphite structures in the metal. Ductile Iron is also called ductile cast iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, or nodular cast iron.

Grey cast iron (a.k.a. gray iron) is a type of iron found in castings known for its grey color and appearance caused by graphite fractures in the material. Specifically, what makes grey iron “grey iron,” is the graphite flake structure that is created during the cooling process from the carbon that is in the component.

What is malleable cast iron? Malleable cast iron is produced from white cast iron, which is made from hot liquid iron with certain chemical components. The white cast iron needs to be treated by malleablizing, such as graphitizing or oxidation and decarbonization, then its metallographic structures or chemical components will be changed, so can become into malleable cast iron.

The process of making malleable iron begins with making white cast iron, which is made by cooling cast iron quickly, preventing the formation of graphite flakes. The white cast iron is heated for several long periods with certain materials.

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Cast iron is a term used to describe a range of metals that include certain elemental compositions. Because it contains a mixture of elements, cast-iron metals are considered alloys, with all cast irons containing more than 2 percent carbon.

Cast iron is a ferrous alloy that is made by re-melting pig iron in a capola furnace until it liquefies. The molten iron is poured into molds or casts to produce casting iron products of the required dimensions.

White cast iron is a type of carbon-iron alloy that contains carbon content greater than 2% in the form of cementite. When fractured it exhibits a silver-like (white) fracture. White cast iron has high compressive strength and wear resistance.

Cast iron's properties are changed by adding various alloying elements, or alloyants. Next to carbon, silicon is the most important alloyant because it forces carbon out of solution. A low percentage of silicon allows carbon to remain in solution forming iron carbide and the production of white cast iron.