Types of Chemicals
Acid–base reaction, a type of chemical process typified by the exchange of one or more hydrogen ions, H +, between species that may be neutral (molecules, such as water, H 2 O; or acetic acid, CH 3 CO 2 H) or electrically charged (ions, such as ammonium, NH 4 +; hydroxide, OH −; or carbonate, CO 3 2−).
Phosphoric acid is a mineral acid used in home cleaning products, as a chemical reagent, as a rust inhibitor, and as a dental etchant. Phosphoric acid is also an important acid in biochemistry. It is a strong acid.
Bases can be thought of as the chemical opposite of acids. However, some strong acids are able to act as bases. Bases and acids are seen as opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium (H 3 O +) concentration in water, whereas bases reduce this concentration.
Heat of reaction, the amount of heat that must be added or removed during a chemical reaction in order to keep all of the substances present at the same temperature.
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Polymer chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline that deals with the structures, chemical synthesis and properties of polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers. Polymer chemistry is related to the broader field of polymer science, which also encompasses polymer physics and polymer engineering.